Saturday, 29 April 2023

INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER - ARCHITECTURE - PIN DIAGRAM - PROGRAM - APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION OF ARDUINO

An Arduino is essentially a microcontroller-based kit that, owing to its open source hardware feature, may either be produced at home using the components or purchased straight from the seller and used right away. It is mostly used for communications and for operating a variety of devices.

ARCHITECTURE OF ARDUINO

The Harvard design, which has separate memory for the programme code and programme data, is essentially what the Arduino processor employs. There are two memories in it: a programme memory and a data memory.The data is kept in the data memory, but the code is kept in the flash programme memory. The Atmega328 runs at a clock speed of 16MHz and features 32 KB of flash memory for code storage (of which 0.5 KB is needed for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM, and 1 KB of EEPROM.

PIN DIAGRAM

Arduino Uno is a popular illustration of an Arduino board. It is an ATmega328 microprocessor with 28 pins.

The Arduino Uno has 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, 14 digital input/output pins, 6 of which can be used as PWM outputs, a USB port, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

Power Jack: The Arduino can be powered from a computer through USB or from an outside source, such as an adaptor or a battery. It can run off an external power between 7 and 12 volts. Through the pin Vin or by providing voltage reference through the IORef pin, power can be applied externally.

Digital input: It has 14 digital input/output pins, each of which may supply or consume 40mA of electricity. Pins 0 and 1, which serve as Rx and Tx, respectively, in serial communication, pins 2 and 3, which are external interrupts, pins 3,5,6,9, and 11 which offer pwm output, and pin 13 where an LED is linked are some of their particular roles.

Anolog input: It features six analogue input/output pins, each of which offers a resolution of 10 bits.

ARef: A reference to the analogue inputs is provided by ARef.

Reset: When low, it resets the microcontroller.

PROGRAMMING OF ARDUINO

The main benefit of Arduino is that programmes can be put directly onto the hardware without the need for a hardware programmer to burn the programming. This is accomplished due to the Bootloader's 0.5 KB size, which enables the programme to be burned into the circuit. Downloading the Arduino software and writing the code are the only things left to accomplish.

coding an ArduinoThe toolbar with the buttons for verify, upload, new, open, save, and serial monitor is located in the Arduino tool window. It also has a text editor for writing code, a message box for providing feedback like mistakes, a text console for showing output, and a number of menus such the File, Edit, and Tools menus.

STEPS OF PROGRAMMING

Sketches are the name for an Arduino programme. A simple sketch has three components.

1. Variable Declaration
2. Initialization: The setup () function contains a description of it.
3. The loop () function is used to write the control code.

The sketch has an extension of.ino. The tool menu or the buttons on the toolbar can be used to do any function, such as verifying, opening, or saving a sketch.
The sketchbook directory is where it should be kept.
Select the appropriate board using the serial port numbers and the tools menu.
Either select upload from the tools menu or click the upload button. As a result, the bootloader uploads the code to the microcontroller.

APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO

These days, Arduino microcontrollers are preferred for a number of reasons:

Usefulness: Arduino boards are made to be simple to use, even for novices without any prior knowledge of electronics or programming. They come with an easy-to-learn programming language, and there are numerous online libraries and starter projects to assist users in getting started.

Open Source: The entire Arduino platform is open source, which entails that the board designs and schematics are available for free. Due to the large developer and user community that can work together and contribute to the platform, there are many different hardware and software options available.

Low Price: Arduino boards are reasonably priced, making them available for a variety of users and applications. Due to the low cost, it is possible to use multiple boards in projects, which enables the development of more sophisticated and complex systems.

Flexibility: Arduino boards are quite adaptable, and a variety of shields and sensors are available to increase their functionality. This enables users to design projects that are customised to their unique demands and specifications.

Large Community: The Arduino community is both large and active. Members often post projects, ideas, and knowledge online. It is simple to learn about and advance in the Arduino ecosystem because to this community's assistance and resources, which are available to both novice and seasoned users

Thursday, 27 April 2023

INTRODUCTION TO ARM MICROCONTROLLER-ARCHITECTURE-FEAUTURES-REGISTER MODE-PINOUT-APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION TO ARM MICROCONTROLLER

The RISC architecture, a widely used computer arrangement, is the foundation of the ARM, which is an acronym for Advanced RISC Machine.It is a 32-bit module that was developed in 1987 by Acron computers.This board is made by ST Microelectronics and Motorola, two separate MCU manufacturers.This module is divided into various categories, such as ARMv1 and ARMv2, and each category offers a unique set of features.It employs fewer transistors since it was built using RISC, or a reduced instruction set, which helps to minimise the physical size of the integrated circuit.This type is small enough to fit on a variety of devices, including smartphones, tablets, and other handheld gadgets.Different types of controllers, like the LPC2148, can be created by combining an ARM with random access memory and read-only memory.

ARCHITECTURE OF ARM MICROCONTROLLER

This board has a RISC load-store architecture for the ARM controller.

This board uses a variety of register types, which facilitates the handling of memory.

The board uses a series of instructions, but its primary purpose is to cut down on the amount of time needed for each instruction.

The cortex M3 processor, which is high-speed and thirty-two bits, is employed in the ARM controller and offers consumers a variety of capabilities.

This board's Harward design uses separate data and instruction buses to send data to read-only and random access memories, respectively.

Three-stage pipeline is utilised for command execution, obtaining, and decoding.

The CPU on this board uses thumb commands based on thumb two approaches, which reduces the amount of programme memory required and ensures a higher coding density.

Given that this model has a thirty-two-bit architecture, commands can be executed more quickly.

FEAUTURES OF ARM MICROCONTROLLER

Low Power Consumption: Because ARM microcontrollers are made to use little power, they are perfect for battery-operated products. To reduce power usage, they employ power-saving strategies including clock gating and power gating.

High processing power: ARM microcontrollers are renowned for having a lot of processing power, which makes them perfect for high performance applications. They are capable of processing large amounts of data rapidly and effectively.

Flexibility: ARM microcontrollers are highly flexible and can be programmed to carry out a variety of functions. I2C, SPI, UART, USB, Ethernet, and CAN are just a few of the interfaces and communication protocols they support.

Ease development: Development is simple for ARM microcontrollers because to the availability of a wide range of development tools and software. They are often created using the industry-standard programming languages C or C++.

Cost-effectiveness: ARM microcontrollers are inexpensive, which makes them a great option for embedded systems that are produced in large quantities. They provide a great level of performance at a reasonable price.

REGISTER MODE OF ARM

The register mode in ARM microcontrollers provides access to the processor's registers for data processing and manipulation. The ARM architecture contains a programme counter (PC) register and 16 general-purpose registers (R0-R15).

The registers of ARM microcontrollers can operate in a number of different ways:

User mode: In this setting, the CPU runs typical user programmes. Registers R0-R12 are accessible in user mode.

System mode: The CPU runs the operating system kernel in this mode. All registers are accessible in system mode.

Supervisor mode: In the supervisor mode, system calls and exceptions are handled. All registers are accessible from the supervisor mode.

Abort mode: Memory access violations are handled in the abort mode. All registers are accessible in the abort mode.

There are banked variations of each mode's registers in addition to these modes. This means that when the processor changes modes, it saves the values of the registers that are currently in use and loads the values that correspond to the new mode.

The privileged mode is an additional unique mode available on ARM microcontrollers. Low-level actions like configuring interrupt vectors and memory protection are performed in this mode.

In conclusion, an essential component of the processor's architecture that enables effective data manipulation and processing is the register mode in ARM microcontrollers. The registers can operate in a variety of ways, each with a unique set of features and access permissions.

ARM PINOUT

The pinout of an ARM microcontroller refers to the configuration of pins on the device's packaging that are used for power and ground connections, as well as for communication with external peripherals. The model and producer of the device will determine the precise pinout for an ARM microcontroller.

Here is a broad description of an ARM microcontroller's pinout:

power plugs : The microcontroller is connected to a power supply using these pins. They often have pins for power and ground supply, referred to as VCC and GND, respectively.

I/O pins: I/O pins are used to connect to external peripherals including sensors, screens, and other gadgets. Depending on the particular application, they can be set up as input or output pins. Analogue inputs for reading analogue signals may be present on I/O pins.

JTAG pins: The microcontroller can be programmed and debugged via these pins. They enable non-intrusive access to the computer's memory and internal registers.

Clock pins: These pins are used to link a microcontroller to an external clock source. They are utilised to match an outside clock signal with the device's internal clock.

Reset pins: The microcontroller can be reset using these pins. In the case of a system malfunction or other problem, they can be utilised to force the device to restart.

Pins for microcontroller programming: These pins are used to programme the microcontroller. They enable the internal memory of the gadget to be loaded with code.

The datasheet or reference manual for the component will contain the precise pinout for an ARM microcontroller. To make sure that the pins are used right and connected properly while creating a circuit with an ARM microcontroller, it is crucial to refer to these manuals.

APPLICATIONS OF ARM MICROCONTROLLER

Automotive Systems: ARM microcontrollers are frequently used in automotive systems, including advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), powertrain control modules, and engine control units (ECUs).

Industrial Automation: To operate machinery, monitor sensors, and carry out other tasks, industrial automation systems use ARM microcontrollers.

Medical gadgets, such as glucose metres, blood pressure monitors, and heart rate monitors, utilise ARM microcontrollers.

Consumer gadgets, including smartphones, tablets, and smart home appliances, employ ARM microcontrollers.

Wednesday, 26 April 2023

BEST PLC TRAINING INSTITUTE IN CHENNAI

WHY YOU CHOOSE WIZTECH FOR PLC ?

Experienced Trainers:

our institute has experienced trainers who are experts in the field of PLC. we can provide you with in-depth knowledge and hands-on experience in PLC programming, hardware design, and system architecture.

Practical Training:

our institute offers practical training that enables you to work on real-world projects. This type of training can give you a competitive edge in the job market and prepare you for the challenges of the industry.

Industry-Relevant Curriculum:

our institute's curriculum is designed to meet the needs of the industry. You will learn the latest tools, technologies, and trends in the field of industrial automation that are in high demand in the industry.

Placement Assistance:

our institute may offer placement assistance to students. This can be a great advantage for those who are new to the field or looking for a career change.

Customized Training:

our institute offers customized training programs to meet the individual needs of each student. This allows students to learn at their own pace and focus on specific areas of interest.

State-of-the-Art Facilities:

our institute has state-of-the-art facilities and equipment that allow students to work with the latest technologies and tools in plc.

Flexibility:

our institute offers flexible training schedules that can accommodate the needs of working professionals or those with other commitments.

Positive Reviews:

our institute has received positive reviews from past students or industry professionals, indicating a high level of satisfaction with the training programs and outcomes.

Strong Alumni Network:

our institute has a strong alumni network that can provide students with valuable connections and career opportunities in the industry.

Collaborative Learning:

our institute encourages collaborative learning and teamwork, which can help students develop important skills such as communication, leadership, and problem-solving.

Industry Partnerships:

our institute has partnerships with leading companies in the industry, providing students with opportunities for internships, projects, and job placements.

Affordable Fees:

our institute offers affordable fees for embedded training, making it accessible to a wide range of students.

Recognition and Accreditation:

our institute may be recognized or accredited by relevant industry bodies, demonstrating the quality and standard of the training programs.

Online Learning:

our institute offers online learning options, providing students with the flexibility to learn from anywhere, anytime.

Focus on Practical Skills:

our institute focuses on building practical skills that are essential for success in the industry, such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and innovation.

Job Placement Record:

our institute has a strong track record of job placements, demonstrating its effectiveness in preparing students for careers in the field of automation.

International Recognition:

our institute is recognized internationally, providing students with opportunities to work or study abroad and expanding their career options.

Professional Development:

our institute offers opportunities for professional development, such as workshops, seminars, and certification programs, enabling students to stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends and technologies.

Focus on Soft Skills:

our institute also emphasizes the development of soft skills such as teamwork, communication, and leadership, which are essential for success in the workplace.

Supportive Environment:

our institute provides a supportive learning environment where students can feel comfortable asking questions, seeking help, and collaborating with peers and instructors.

REVIEWS :

Looking for a reliable and effective plc training program can be a challenging task, but the positive reviews of our institute's courses can put your mind at ease. Our students have consistently praised the quality of our training programs and the professionalism of our instructors. The following reviews offer valuable insights into the hands-on training, industry-relevant curriculum, and practical skills development that our institute provides. Read on to learn more about our students' experiences and how our training programs have helped them achieve success in the field of industrial automation.

Friday, 21 April 2023

BEST EMBEDDED TRAINING INSTITUTE IN CHENNAI